The 180 degree rule is a rule typically used when filming conversations between people on camera. The rule is that there is a line that the camera can't cross or it would break continuity which would confuse the audience. For example:
Shot reverse shot is commonly used filming conversations or eyeline match shots. This rule is when you have two different camera shooting the same thing and they are the same amount of degrees from the axis of action.
An establishing shot is a shot that establishes the scene, tis shot is usually at the start of a scene, although it isn't always at the start of the shot, for example if the director wants to covey mystery they may have a few close ups before an establishing shot. In some cases there won't be an establishing shot at all, this is most common in mystery/ horror genres.
An eyeline match shot is a type of shot that establishes that two people are making eye contact with each other. although it doesn't need to be two people it could be someone looking at something. this shot is similar to the shot reverse shot.
An eyeline match shot is a type of shot that establishes that two people are making eye contact with each other. although it doesn't need to be two people it could be someone looking at something. this shot is similar to the shot reverse shot.
A match on action shot is when the shot changes in the middle of a actor doing something. This is useful to either transfer into a differnet room (if the actor is opening a door) or just to make it look more interesting.
Good definitions and examples at merit level. More explanation of the reasons for using these to go to distinction.
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